diff --git a/arsse.php b/arsse.php
index 9a8d25d4..96e68446 100644
--- a/arsse.php
+++ b/arsse.php
@@ -1,10 +1,19 @@
 <?php
 namespace JKingWeb\Arsse;
+var_export(get_defined_constants());
+exit;
 require_once __DIR__.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR."bootstrap.php";
-Arsse::load(new Conf());
 
 if(\PHP_SAPI=="cli") {
-    (new Service)->watch();
+    // initialize the CLI; this automatically handles --help and --version
+    $cli = new CLI;
+    // load configuration
+    Arsse::load(new Conf());
+    // handle CLI requests
+    $cli->dispatch();
 } else {
-    (new REST)->dispatch();
+    // load configuration
+    Arsse::load(new Conf());
+    // handle Web requests
+    (new REST)->dispatch()->output();
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/composer.json b/composer.json
index 36f69d2a..776ba959 100644
--- a/composer.json
+++ b/composer.json
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@
         "fguillot/picofeed": ">=0.1.31",
         "jkingweb/druuid": "^3.0.0",
         "phpseclib/phpseclib": "^2.0",
-        "hosteurope/password-generator": "^1.0"
+        "hosteurope/password-generator": "^1.0",
+        "docopt/docopt": "^1.0"
     },
     "require-dev": {
         "mikey179/vfsStream": "^1.6",
diff --git a/composer.lock b/composer.lock
index 8f81bafe..8553bd56 100644
--- a/composer.lock
+++ b/composer.lock
@@ -4,8 +4,54 @@
         "Read more about it at https://getcomposer.org/doc/01-basic-usage.md#composer-lock-the-lock-file",
         "This file is @generated automatically"
     ],
-    "content-hash": "f86e3cf99b80693dffb2a1e47e0b657d",
+    "content-hash": "360a767ae23dbd1b702c1b3b8b08b683",
     "packages": [
+        {
+            "name": "docopt/docopt",
+            "version": "1.0.2",
+            "source": {
+                "type": "git",
+                "url": "https://github.com/docopt/docopt.php.git",
+                "reference": "d2ee65c2fe4be78f945a48edd02be45843b39423"
+            },
+            "dist": {
+                "type": "zip",
+                "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/docopt/docopt.php/zipball/d2ee65c2fe4be78f945a48edd02be45843b39423",
+                "reference": "d2ee65c2fe4be78f945a48edd02be45843b39423",
+                "shasum": ""
+            },
+            "require": {
+                "php": ">=5.3.0"
+            },
+            "require-dev": {
+                "phpunit/phpunit": "4.1.*"
+            },
+            "type": "library",
+            "autoload": {
+                "classmap": [
+                    "src/docopt.php"
+                ]
+            },
+            "notification-url": "https://packagist.org/downloads/",
+            "license": [
+                "MIT"
+            ],
+            "authors": [
+                {
+                    "name": "Blake Williams",
+                    "email": "code@shabbyrobe.org",
+                    "homepage": "http://docopt.org/",
+                    "role": "Developer"
+                }
+            ],
+            "description": "Port of Python's docopt for PHP 5.3",
+            "homepage": "http://github.com/docopt/docopt.php",
+            "keywords": [
+                "cli",
+                "docs"
+            ],
+            "time": "2015-10-30T03:21:23+00:00"
+        },
         {
             "name": "fguillot/picofeed",
             "version": "v0.1.35",
@@ -3000,7 +3046,7 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/config",
-            "version": "v2.8.24",
+            "version": "v2.8.25",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/config.git",
@@ -3056,7 +3102,7 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/console",
-            "version": "v2.8.24",
+            "version": "v2.8.25",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/console.git",
@@ -3174,7 +3220,7 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/event-dispatcher",
-            "version": "v2.8.24",
+            "version": "v2.8.25",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/event-dispatcher.git",
@@ -3283,7 +3329,7 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/finder",
-            "version": "v2.8.24",
+            "version": "v2.8.25",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/finder.git",
@@ -3391,7 +3437,7 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/process",
-            "version": "v2.8.24",
+            "version": "v2.8.25",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/process.git",
@@ -3440,7 +3486,7 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/stopwatch",
-            "version": "v2.8.24",
+            "version": "v2.8.25",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/stopwatch.git",
@@ -3553,7 +3599,7 @@
         },
         {
             "name": "symfony/validator",
-            "version": "v2.8.24",
+            "version": "v2.8.25",
             "source": {
                 "type": "git",
                 "url": "https://github.com/symfony/validator.git",
diff --git a/lib/CLI.php b/lib/CLI.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..506faefc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/CLI.php
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+<?php
+declare(strict_types=1);
+namespace JKingWeb\Arsse;
+
+class CLI {
+    protected $args = [];
+    
+    protected function usage(): string {
+        $prog = basename($_SERVER['argv'][0]);
+        return <<<USAGE_TEXT
+Usage:
+    $prog daemon
+    $prog feed refresh <n>
+    $prog --version
+    $prog --help | -h
+
+The Arsse command-line interface currently allows you to start the refresh
+daemon or refresh a specific feed by numeric ID.
+USAGE_TEXT;
+    }
+
+    function __construct(array $argv = null) {
+        if(is_null($argv)) {
+            $argv = array_slice($_SERVER['argv'], 1);
+        }
+        $this->args = \Docopt::handle($this->usage(), [
+            'argv' => $argv,
+            'help' => true,
+            'version' => VERSION,
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    function dispatch(array $args = null): int {
+        // act on command line
+        if(is_null($args)) {
+            $args = $this->args;
+        }
+        if($args['daemon']) {
+            return $this->daemon();
+        } elseif($args['feed'] && $args['refresh']) {
+            return $this->feedRefresh((int) $args['<n>']);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected function daemon(bool $loop = true): int {
+        (new Service)->watch($loop);
+        return 0; // FIXME: should return the exception code of thrown exceptions
+    }
+
+    protected function feedRefresh(int $id): int {
+        return (int) !Arsse::$db->feedUpdate($id);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/Conf.php b/lib/Conf.php
index d4166f3d..37ab525c 100644
--- a/lib/Conf.php
+++ b/lib/Conf.php
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class Conf {
     public $userTempPasswordLength  = 20;
 
     /** @var string Class of the background feed update service driver in use (Forking by default) */
-    public $serviceDriver           = Service\Internal\Driver::class;
+    public $serviceDriver           = Service\Forking\Driver::class;
     /** @var string The interval between checks for new feeds, as an ISO 8601 duration
     * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Durations
     */
@@ -84,7 +84,9 @@ class Conf {
     * @see self::importFile() 
     */
     public function __construct(string $import_file = "") {
-        if($import_file != "") $this->importFile($import_file);
+        if($import_file != "") {
+            $this->importFile($import_file);
+        }
         if(is_null($this->fetchUserAgentString)) {
             $this->fetchUserAgentString = sprintf('Arsse/%s (%s %s; %s; https://code.jkingweb.ca/jking/arsse) PicoFeed (https://github.com/fguillot/picoFeed)',
                 VERSION, // Arsse version
@@ -100,8 +102,11 @@ class Conf {
     * The file must be a PHP script which return an array with keys that match the properties of the Conf class. Malformed files will throw an exception; unknown keys are silently ignored. Files may be imported is succession, though this is not currently used.
     * @param string $file Full path and file name for the file to import */
     public function importFile(string $file): self {
-        if(!file_exists($file)) throw new Conf\Exception("fileMissing", $file);
-        if(!is_readable($file)) throw new Conf\Exception("fileUnreadable", $file);
+        if(!file_exists($file)) {
+            throw new Conf\Exception("fileMissing", $file);
+        } else if(!is_readable($file)) {
+            throw new Conf\Exception("fileUnreadable", $file);
+        }
         try {
             ob_start();
             $arr = (@include $file);
@@ -110,7 +115,9 @@ class Conf {
         } finally {
             ob_end_clean();
         }
-        if(!is_array($arr)) throw new Conf\Exception("fileCorrupt", $file);
+        if(!is_array($arr)) {
+            throw new Conf\Exception("fileCorrupt", $file);
+        }
         return $this->import($arr);
     }
 
diff --git a/lib/Db/SQLite3/Driver.php b/lib/Db/SQLite3/Driver.php
index dc483b22..c04124d0 100644
--- a/lib/Db/SQLite3/Driver.php
+++ b/lib/Db/SQLite3/Driver.php
@@ -18,31 +18,34 @@ class Driver extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\Db\AbstractDriver {
 
     public function __construct(bool $install = false) {
         // check to make sure required extension is loaded
-        if(!class_exists("SQLite3")) throw new Exception("extMissing", self::driverName());
+        if(!class_exists("SQLite3")) {
+            throw new Exception("extMissing", self::driverName());
+        }
         $file = Arsse::$conf->dbSQLite3File;
         // if the file exists (or we're initializing the database), try to open it
         try {
-            $this->db = $this->makeConnection($file, ($install) ? \SQLITE3_OPEN_READWRITE | \SQLITE3_OPEN_CREATE : \SQLITE3_OPEN_READWRITE, Arsse::$conf->dbSQLite3Key);
-        } catch(\Throwable $e) {
-            // if opening the database doesn't work, check various pre-conditions to find out what the problem might be
-            if(!file_exists($file)) {
-                if($install && !is_writable(dirname($file))) throw new Exception("fileUncreatable", dirname($file));
-                throw new Exception("fileMissing", $file);
-            }
-            if(!is_readable($file) && !is_writable($file)) throw new Exception("fileUnusable", $file);
-            if(!is_readable($file)) throw new Exception("fileUnreadable", $file);
-            if(!is_writable($file)) throw new Exception("fileUnwritable", $file);
-            // otherwise the database is probably corrupt
-            throw new Exception("fileCorrupt", $mainfile);
-        }
-        try {
+            $this->db = $this->makeConnection($file, \SQLITE3_OPEN_CREATE | \SQLITE3_OPEN_READWRITE, Arsse::$conf->dbSQLite3Key);
             // set initial options
             $this->db->enableExceptions(true);
             $this->exec("PRAGMA journal_mode = wal");
             $this->exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys = yes");
-        } catch(\Exception $e) {
-            list($excClass, $excMsg, $excData) = $this->exceptionBuild();
-            throw new $excClass($excMsg, $excData);
+        } catch(\Throwable $e) {
+            // if opening the database doesn't work, check various pre-conditions to find out what the problem might be
+            if(!file_exists($file)) {
+                if($install && !is_writable(dirname($file))) {
+                    throw new Exception("fileUncreatable", dirname($file));
+                }
+                throw new Exception("fileMissing", $file);
+            }
+            if(!is_readable($file) && !is_writable($file)) {
+                throw new Exception("fileUnusable", $file);
+            } else if(!is_readable($file)) {
+                throw new Exception("fileUnreadable", $file);
+            } else if(!is_writable($file)) {
+                throw new Exception("fileUnwritable", $file);
+            }
+            // otherwise the database is probably corrupt
+            throw new Exception("fileCorrupt", $mainfile);
         }
     }
 
@@ -66,8 +69,11 @@ class Driver extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\Db\AbstractDriver {
 
     public function schemaUpdate(int $to): bool {
         $ver = $this->schemaVersion();
-        if(!Arsse::$conf->dbAutoUpdate)  throw new Exception("updateManual", ['version' => $ver, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName()]);
-        if($ver >= $to) throw new Exception("updateTooNew", ['difference' => ($ver - $to), 'current' => $ver, 'target' => $to, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName()]);
+        if(!Arsse::$conf->dbAutoUpdate)  {
+            throw new Exception("updateManual", ['version' => $ver, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName()]);
+        } else if($ver >= $to) {
+            throw new Exception("updateTooNew", ['difference' => ($ver - $to), 'current' => $ver, 'target' => $to, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName()]);
+        }
         $sep = \DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
         $path = Arsse::$conf->dbSchemaBase.$sep."SQLite3".$sep;
         // lock the database
@@ -76,16 +82,23 @@ class Driver extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\Db\AbstractDriver {
             $this->savepointCreate();
             try {
                 $file = $path.$a.".sql";
-                if(!file_exists($file)) throw new Exception("updateFileMissing", ['file' => $file, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName(), 'current' => $a]);
-                if(!is_readable($file)) throw new Exception("updateFileUnreadable", ['file' => $file, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName(), 'current' => $a]);
+                if(!file_exists($file)) {
+                    throw new Exception("updateFileMissing", ['file' => $file, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName(), 'current' => $a]);
+                } else if(!is_readable($file)) {
+                    throw new Exception("updateFileUnreadable", ['file' => $file, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName(), 'current' => $a]);
+                }
                 $sql = @file_get_contents($file);
-                if($sql===false) throw new Exception("updateFileUnusable", ['file' => $file, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName(), 'current' => $a]);
+                if($sql===false) {
+                    throw new Exception("updateFileUnusable", ['file' => $file, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName(), 'current' => $a]);
+                }
                 try {
                     $this->exec($sql);
                 } catch(\Throwable $e) {
                     throw new Exception("updateFileError", ['file' => $file, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName(), 'current' => $a, 'message' => $this->getError()]);
                 }
-                if($this->schemaVersion() != $a+1) throw new Exception("updateFileIncomplete", ['file' => $file, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName(), 'current' => $a]);
+                if($this->schemaVersion() != $a+1) {
+                    throw new Exception("updateFileIncomplete", ['file' => $file, 'driver_name' => $this->driverName(), 'current' => $a]);
+                }
             } catch(\Throwable $e) {
                 // undo any partial changes from the failed update
                 $this->savepointUndo();
diff --git a/lib/REST.php b/lib/REST.php
index 764f9e23..980a1bb5 100644
--- a/lib/REST.php
+++ b/lib/REST.php
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class REST {
     function __construct() {
     }
 
-    function dispatch(REST\Request $req = null): bool {
+    function dispatch(REST\Request $req = null): REST\Response {
         if($req===null) {
             $req = new REST\Request();
         }
@@ -39,24 +39,7 @@ class REST {
         $req->refreshURL();
         $class = $this->apis[$api]['class'];
         $drv = new $class();
-        $out = $drv->dispatch($req);
-        header("Status: ".$out->code." ".Arsse::$lang->msg("HTTP.Status.".$out->code));
-        if(!is_null($out->payload)) {
-            header("Content-Type: ".$out->type);
-            switch($out->type) {
-                case REST\Response::T_JSON: 
-                    $body = json_encode($out->payload,\JSON_PRETTY_PRINT);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    $body = (string) $out->payload;
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-        foreach($out->fields as $field) {
-            header($field);
-        }
-        echo $body;
-        return true;
+        return $drv->dispatch($req);
     }
 
     function apiMatch(string $url, array $map): string {
diff --git a/lib/REST/Exception.php b/lib/REST/Exception.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..308621ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/REST/Exception.php
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<?php
+declare(strict_types=1);
+namespace JKingWeb\Arsse\REST;
+
+class Exception extends \JKingWeb\Arsse\AbstractException {
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/REST/Response.php b/lib/REST/Response.php
index bfa90f55..ecd4c6e9 100644
--- a/lib/REST/Response.php
+++ b/lib/REST/Response.php
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace JKingWeb\Arsse\REST;
+use JKingWeb\Arsse\Arsse;
 
 class Response {
     const T_JSON = "application/json";
@@ -19,4 +20,28 @@ class Response {
         $this->type    = $type;
         $this->fields  = $extraFields;
     }
+
+    function output() {
+        if(!headers_sent()) {
+            header("Status: ".$this->code." ".Arsse::$lang->msg("HTTP.Status.".$this->code));
+            $body = "";
+            if(!is_null($this->payload)) {
+                header("Content-Type: ".$this->type);
+                switch($this->type) {
+                    case self::T_JSON: 
+                        $body = json_encode($this->payload,\JSON_PRETTY_PRINT);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $body = (string) $this->payload;
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            foreach($this->fields as $field) {
+                header($field);
+            }
+            echo $body;
+        } else {
+            throw new REST\Exception("headersSent");
+        }
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/Service/Forking/Driver.php b/lib/Service/Forking/Driver.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4d1e91e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/Service/Forking/Driver.php
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?php
+declare(strict_types=1);
+namespace JKingWeb\Arsse\Service\Forking;
+use JKingWeb\Arsse\Arsse;
+
+class Driver implements \JKingWeb\Arsse\Service\Driver {
+    protected $queue = [];
+    
+    static function driverName(): string {
+        return Arsse::$lang->msg("Driver.Service.Forking.Name");
+    }
+
+    static function requirementsMet(): bool {
+        return function_exists("popen");
+    }
+    
+    function __construct() {
+    }
+
+    function queue(int ...$feeds): int {
+        $this->queue = array_merge($this->queue, $feeds);
+        return sizeof($this->queue);
+    }
+
+    function exec(): int {
+        $pp = [];
+        while($this->queue) {
+            $id = (int) array_shift($this->queue);
+            array_push($pp, popen('"'.\PHP_BINARY.'" "'.$_SERVER['argv'][0].'" feed refresh '.$id, "r"));
+        }
+        while($pp) {
+            $p = array_pop($pp);
+            fgets($p); // TODO: log output
+            pclose($p);
+        }
+        return Arsse::$conf->serviceQueueWidth - sizeof($this->queue);
+    }
+
+    function clean(): bool {
+        $this->queue = [];
+        return true;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/phpunit.xml b/tests/phpunit.xml
index 4a915a91..f26b1dd8 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit.xml
+++ b/tests/phpunit.xml
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
     <directory suffix=".php">../lib</directory>
   </whitelist>
 </filter>
+<logging>
+  <log type="coverage-html" target="coverage" showUncoveredFiles="true"/>
+</logging>
 
 <testsuites>
     <testsuite name="Exceptions">
@@ -62,6 +65,5 @@
     <testsuite name="Refresh service">
         <file>Service/TestService.php</file>
     </testsuite>
-
 </testsuites>
 </phpunit>
\ No newline at end of file